1.He arrived at the solution by a simple process of deduction.他通过一番简单的推理得出了解决问题的方法。

2.It works by remote control.它通过遥控工作。

3. She'll have had the results by now.她现在应该知道结果了。

4. I go to work by taking a subway.我坐地铁上下班。