1、一般在动词原形末尾加–ed

look looked play played start started

2、结尾是 e 的动词加 -- d

live lived hope hoped use used

3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加—ed

stop stopped plan planned trip tripped

4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词， 先变“y”为“i”再加—ed

study studied carry carried

说明： 1、清念 /t/ ，即 ed 在清辅音后面念 /t/ ,例：finished helped passed cooked

2、元浊 /d/ ,即 ed 在元音，浊辅音后面念 /d/ , 例：borrowed enjoyed called moved

3、/t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/ 例：wanted shouted needed counted