2019年考研英语(一)阅读真题，在备考中，英语真题不能落下，每天都得做一遍真题，巩固自己的知识。

1)FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthisclawback"ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

2)Short-termism"orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglikeChildrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce"ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

3)TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbedquarterlycapitalism".

4)Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshorterattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

5)IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduceshort-termism."InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthatasubstantialpart"ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

6)Muchmorecouldbedonetoencouragelong-termism,"suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

7)Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe____.

[A]enhancebanker’ssenseofresponsibility

[B]helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

[C]buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

[D]guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

选项[A]正确。

细节题。根据题干定位一段第三句（Themainpurposeofthisclawback"ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任）。选项中的senseofresponsibility"则对应到句中的enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility（增加银行的责任感）"。

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate_____.

[A]theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

[B]governments’impatienceindecision-making

[C]thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

[D]short-termism"ineconomicsactivities

选项[D]正确。

细节题。题干AlfredMarshall"，定位到第二段的第二句Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasacting..."，定位信息里的thisfinancialimpatience"则是回指第二段首句的Short-termism"，故信息点则为Short-termism"，所以选[D]。

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe__________.

[A]indirect

[B]adverse

[C]minimal

[D]temporary

选项[B]正确。

细节题。题干的transientinvestment"，定位到第三段的第二句Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty"，四个选项中，只有[B]选项的adverse为明确的负面表达，意思为不利的"，与原文中的hinder"（阻碍打扰）对应。

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate____________.

[A]theobstaclestopreventingshort-termism".

[B]thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.

[C]theapproachestopromotinglong-termism".

[D]theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

选项[C]正确。

例证题。根据题干定位，美国和法国的例子是用来支撑什么论点。原文的第五、六段则提供了具体的信息，第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解短期"盛行的现状；第六段则提及在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。所以，佳选项应为促进长期的方法"，[C]与原文一致。

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

[B]PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

[C]DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

[D]FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

选项[B]正确。

主旨题。[B]选项里的patience可以对应到全文中反复出现的主题词short-termism"和long-termism"，corporate本身在文章中出现多次，所以[B]选项正确。