小编为备考的同学们整理了英语四级长篇阅读练习题，希望可以为大家带来帮助，一起来练习一下吧。

SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

HowYourLanguageAffectsYourWealthandHealthA.Doesthelanguagewespeakdeterminehowhealthyandrichwewillbe?NewresearchbyKeithChenofYaleBusinessSchoolsuggestsso.Thestructureoflanguagesaffectsourjudgmentsanddecisionsaboutthefutureandthismighthavedramaticlong-termconsequences.B.Therehasbeenalotofresearchintohowwedealwiththefuture.Forexample,thefamousmarshmallow(棉花糖)studiesofWalterMischelandcolleaguesshowedthatbeingabletoresisttemptationispredictiveoffuturesuccess.Four-year-oldkidsweregivenamarshmallowandweretoldthatiftheydonoteatthatmarshmallowandwaitfortheexperimentertocomeback,theywillgettwomarshmallowsinsteadofone.Follow-upstudiesshowedthatthekidswhowereabletowaitforthebiggerfuturerewardbecamemoresuccessfulyoungadults.

C.Resistingourimpulsesforimmediatepleasureisoftentheonlywaytoattaintheoutcomesthatareimportanttous.Wewanttokeepaslimfigurebutwealsowantthatlastsliceofpizza.Wewantacomfortableretirement,butwealsowanttodrivethatdazzlingcar,goonthatdreamvacation,orgetthosegorgeousshoes.Somepeoplearebetteratdelayinggratification(满足)thanothers.Thosepeoplehaveabetterchanceofaccumulatingwealthandkeepingahealthylifestyle.Theyarelesslikelytobeimpulsebuyersorsmokers,ortoengageinunsafesex.

D.Chen'srecentfindingssuggestthatanunlikelyfactor,language,stronglyaffectsourfuture-orientedbehavior.Somelanguagesstronglydistinguishthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguagesonlyweaklydistinguishthepresentandthefuture.Chen'srecentresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatweaklydistinguishthepresentandthefuturearebetterpreparedforthefuture.Theyaccumulatemorewealthandtheyarebetterabletomaintaintheirhealth.Thewaythesepeopleconceptualizethefutureissimilartothewaytheyconceptualizethepresent.Asaresult,thefuturedoesnotfeelverydistantanditiseasierforthemtoactinaccordancewiththeirfutureinterestS.

E.Differentlanguageshavedifferentwaysoftalkingaboutthefuture.Somelanguages,suchasEnglish,Korean,andRussian,requiretheirspeakerstorefertothefutureexplicitly(明确地).EverytimeEnglish-speakerstallaboutthefuture,theyhavetousefuturemarkerssuchas"will"or"goingto."Inotherlanguages,suchasMandarin,Japanese,andGerman,futuremarkersarenotobligatory(强制性的).Thefutureisoftentalkedaboutsimilartothewaypresentistalkedaboutandthemeaningisunderstoodfromthecontext.AMandarinspeakerwhoisgoingtogotoaseminarmightsay"Woqutingjiangzuo,"whichtranslatesto"Igolistenseminar."LanguagessuchasEnglishconstantlyremindtheirspeakersthatfutureeventsaredistant.ForspeakersoflanguagessuchasMandarinfuturefeelscloser.Asaconsequence,resistingimmediateimpulsesandinvestingforthefutureiseasierforMandarinspeakers.

F.Chertanalyzedindividual-leveldatafrom76developedanddevelopingcountries.Thisdataincludespeople'seconomicdecisions,suchaswhethertheysavedanymoneylastyear,thelanguagestheyspeakathome,demographics(人口统计资料),andculturalfactorssuchas"savingisanimportantculturalvalueforme."Healsoanalyzedindividual-leveldataonpeople'sretirementassets,smokingandexercisinghabits,andgeneralhealthinolderage.Lastly,heanalyzednational-leveldatathatinchidesnationalsavingsrates,countryGDPandGDPgrowthrates,countrydemographics,andproportionsofpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguages.G.People'ssavingsratesareaffectedbyvariousfactorssuchastheirincome,educationlevel,age,religiousconnection,theircountries'legalsystems,andtheirculturalvalues.Afterthosefactorswereaccountedfor,theeffectoflanguageonpeople'ssavingsratesturnedouttobebig.Speakingalanguagethathasobligatoryfuturemarkers,suchasEnglish,makespeople30percentlesslikelytosavemoneyforthefuture.Thiseffectisaslargeastheeffectofunemployment.Beingunemployeddecreasesthelikelihoodofsavingbyabout30percentaswell.

H.Similaranalysesshowedthatspeakingalanguagethatdoesnothaveobligatoryfuturemarkers,suchasMandarin,makespeopleaccumulatemoreretirementassets,smokeless,exercisemore,andgenerallybehealthierinolderage.Countries'nationalsavingsratesarealsoaffectedbylanguage.Havingalargerproportionofpeoplespeakinglanguagesthatdoesnothaveobligatoryfuturemarkersmakesnationalsavingsrateshigher.

I.Atamorepracticallevel,researchershavebeenlookingforwaystohelppeopleactinaccordancewiththeirlong-terminte

rests.Recent,findingssuggestthatmakingthefuturefeelclosertothepresentmightimprovefuture-orientedbehavior.Forinstance,researchersrecentlypresentedpeoplewithrenderingsoftheirfutureselvesmadeusingage-progressionalgorithms(算法)thatforecasthowphysicalappearanceswouldchangeovertime.Onegroupofparticipantssawadigitalrepresentationoftheircurrentselvesinavirtualmirror,andtheothergroupsawanage-morphedversionoftheirfutureselves.Thoseparticipantswhosawtheage-morphedversionoftheirfutureselvesallocatedmoremoneytowardahypotheticalsavingsaccount.Theinterventionbroughtpeople'sfuturetothepresentandasaresulttheysavedmoreforthefuture.

J.Chen'sresearchshowsthatlanguagestructuresourfuture-relatedthoughts.Languagehasbeenusedbeforetoaltertimeperceptionwithsurprisingeffects.EllenLangerandcolleaguesfamouslyimprovedolderpeople'sphysicalhealthbysimpleinterventionsincludingaskingthemtotalkabouttheeventsoftwentyyearsagoasifittheywerehappeningnow.Talkingaboutthepastasifitwerethepresentchangedpeople'smindsetsandtheirmindsetsaffectedtheirphysicalstates.Chen'sresearchpointsatthepossibilitythatthewaywetalkaboutthefuturecanshapeourmindsets.Languagecanmovethefuturebackandforthinourmentalspaceandthismighthavedramaticinfluencesonourjudgmentsanddecisions.